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System Design Masterclass · Observability Monitoring
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You know what the four golden signals are, latency, traffic, errors, saturation. Now the question is: how do you actually implement them across a real production system with 30 services, 5 databases, 3 message queues, and a ?
The teams that succeed with golden signals don't implement them as a one-time project. They build a standard template, a monitoring blueprint that every service adopts automatically. New service deployed? It gets golden signals dashboards and alerts on day one, without any manual configuration.
This lesson is the practical playbook: which metrics to collect, which tools to use, how to structure dashboards, and how to set alerts that actually work.
For /API services (most common):
| Signal | Metric | PromQL Example |
|---|---|---|
http_request_duration_seconds (histogram) | histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(http_request_duration_seconds_bucket[5m])) by (le)) | |
| Traffic | http_requests_total (counter) | sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) |
| Errors | http_requests_total{status=~"5.."} | sum(rate(http_requests_total{status=~"5.."}[5m])) / sum(rate(http_requests_total[5m])) |
| Saturation | process_resident_memory_bytes, CPU, connections | container_memory_working_set_bytes / container_spec_memory_limit_bytes |
For databases:
For message queues: